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1.A community health nurse observes the accumulation of garbage at a neighborhood playground. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to promote a clean and safe environment? 2.Work with local businesses to sponsor more trash receptacles in the playground 3.Meet with community members to discuss methods of playground maintenance 4. Partner City officials with community members to improve the playgrounds condition 5.Engage neighborhood families to monitor the playground for further trash build up 2.Nurse is planning the initial home visit for a client who has dementia and lives with his adult Sons family. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first during the visit? 1. Educate the family regarding the progression of dementia 2. engage the family in informal conversation 3. provide the family with information about respite care 4. encourage the family to join a support group 3.A community health nurse is providing teaching to a group of clients who have alcohol use disorder. Which of the following findings should the nurse include in the teaching as a manifestation of alcohol withdrawal? 1. Bradycardia 2. Hypothermia 3. Insomnia 4. increased appetite 4.A nurse is counseling a client who is to undergo enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing for HIV. Which of the following information should the nurse include? 1.The test measures antibodies to the virus 2. the test results are accurate 24 hours after exposure to the virus 3. a positive result requires initiating immunoglobulin Administration 4. the test monitors progression of the disease 5.A nurse is working with a Community Health Care team to devise strategies for preventing violence in the community. Which of the following interventions is example of tertiary prevention? 1.Assessing for risk factors of intimate partner abuse during Health examinations 2. presenting Community Education programs about Stress Management 3. Urging community leaders to make nonviolence a priority 4.Developing resources for victims of abuse 6.A faith-based organization ask a community health nurse to develop on mobile meal program for older adults who are no longer driving. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take first? 1. perform a needs assessment 2. inquire about the availability of volunteers 3. identify alternative solutions to address concerns 4. determine potential funding sources for the program 7.A nurse is planning a primary prevention strategy for reducing obesity in the community. Which of the following strategies should the nurse use? IntroductionIn 1958, Ida Jean Orlando started the nursing process that still guides nursing care today. Defined as a systematic approach to care using the fundamental principles of critical thinking, client-centered approaches to treatment, goal-oriented tasks, evidence-based practice (EDP) recommendations, and nursing intuition. Holistic and scientific postulates are integrated to provide the basis for compassionate, quality-based care.[1][2][3] FunctionThe nursing process functions as a systematic guide to client-centered care with 5 sequential steps. These are assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Assessment Assessment is the first step and involves critical thinking skills and data collection; subjective and objective. Subjective data involves verbal statements from the patient or caregiver. Objective data is measurable, tangible data such as vital signs, intake and output, and height and weight. Data may come from the patient directly or from primary caregivers who may or may not be direct relation family members. Friends can play a role in data collection. Electronic health records may populate data and assist in assessment. Critical thinking skills are essential to assessment, thus the need for concept-based curriculum changes. Diagnosis The formulation of a nursing diagnosis by employing clinical judgment assists in the planning and implementation of patient care. The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) provides nurses with an up-to-date list of nursing diagnoses. A nursing diagnosis, according to NANDA, is defined as a clinical judgment about responses to actual or potential health problems on the part of the patient, family, or community. A nursing diagnosis encompasses Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and helps to prioritize and plan care based on patient-centered outcomes. In 1943, Abraham Maslow developed a hierarchy based on basic fundamental needs innate to all individuals. Basic physiological needs/goals must be met before higher needs/goals can be achieved such as self-esteem and self-actualization. Physiological and safety needs provide the basis for the implementation of nursing care and nursing interventions. Thus, they are at the base of Maslow's pyramid, laying the foundation for physical and emotional health.[4][5] Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Planning The planning stage is where goals and outcomes are formulated that directly impact patient care based on EDP guidelines. These patient-specific goals and the attainment of such assist in ensuring a positive outcome. Nursing care plans are essential in this phase of goal setting. Care plans provide a course of direction for personalized care tailored to an individual's unique needs. Overall condition and comorbid conditions play a role in the construction of a care plan. Care plans enhance communication, documentation, reimbursement, and continuity of care across the healthcare continuum. Goals should be:
Implementation Implementation is the step that involves action or doing and the actual carrying out of nursing interventions outlined in the plan of care. This phase requires nursing interventions such as applying a cardiac monitor or oxygen, direct or indirect care, medication administration, standard treatment protocols, and EDP standards. Evaluation This final step of the nursing process is vital to a positive patient outcome. Whenever a healthcare provider intervenes or implements care, they must reassess or evaluate to ensure the desired outcome has been met. Reassessment may frequently be needed depending upon overall patient condition. The plan of care may be adapted based on new assessment data. Issues of ConcernAccording to a 2011 study conducted in Mekelle Zone hospitals, nurses lack the knowledge to implement the nursing process into practice and factors such as nurse-patient ratios inhibit them from doing so. Ninety percent of study participants lacked sufficient experience to apply the nursing process to standard practice. The study also concluded that a shortage of available resources, coupled with increased workloads due to high patient-nurse ratios, contributed to the lack of the nursing process implementation in the delivery of patient care.[6][7][8] Clinical SignificanceThe utilization of the nursing process to guide care is clinically significant going forward in this dynamic, complex world of patient care. Aging populations carry with them a multitude of health problems and inherent risks of missed opportunities to spot a life-altering condition. As explored by Salmond and Echevarria, healthcare is changing, and the traditional roles of nurses are transforming to meet the demands of this new healthcare environment. Nurses are in a position to promote change and impact patient delivery care models in the future.[9][10] Other IssuesCritical thinking skills will play a vital role as we develop plans of care for these patient populations with multiple comorbidities and embrace this challenging healthcare arena. Thus, the trend towards concept-based curriculum changes will assist us in the navigation of these uncharted waters. Concept-Based Curriculum Baron further explores this need for a concept-based curriculum as opposed to the traditional educational model and the challenges faced with its implementation. A direct impact on quality patient care and positive outcomes. Nursing practice and educational environments form a bond with clinical knowledge and expertise, and that bond facilitates the transition into the current workforce as an indispensable team player and leader in this new wave of healthcare. Learning should be the focus and the integration into current practice. Learning is a dynamic process, propelled by a force that must coexist within the same learning milieu between educator and student, preceptor and novice, mentor, and trainee. IN the future, nurses must be able to problem-solve in a multitude of situations and conditions to meet these new adversities: challenging nurse-patient ratios, multifaceted approaches to prioritization of care, fewer resources, navigation of the electronic health record as well as functionality within the team dynamic and leadership style. FigureMaslow's Hierarchy of Needs for Nursing. Contributed by Tammy J. Toney-Butler, AS, RN, CEN, TCRN, CPEN References1.Karttunen M, Sneck S, Jokelainen J, Elo S. Nurses' self-assessments of adherence to guidelines on safe medication preparation and administration in long-term elderly care. Scand J Caring Sci. 2020 Mar;34(1):108-117. [PubMed: 31058362] 2.Younan L, Clinton M, Fares S, Samaha H. The translation and cultural adaptation validity of the Actual Scope of Practice Questionnaire. East Mediterr Health J. 2019 Apr 25;25(3):181-188. [PubMed: 31054228] 3.Epstein AS, Desai AV, Bernal C, Romano D, Wan PJ, Okpako M, Anderson K, Chow K, Kramer D, Calderon C, Klimek VV, Rawlins-Duell R, Reidy DL, Goldberg JI, Cruz E, Nelson JE. Giving Voice to Patient Values Throughout Cancer: A Novel Nurse-Led Intervention. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2019 Jul;58(1):72-79.e2. [PMC free article: PMC6849206] [PubMed: 31034869] 4.Shih CY, Huang CY, Huang ML, Chen CM, Lin CC, Tang FI. The association of sociodemographic factors and needs of haemodialysis patients according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs. J Clin Nurs. 2019 Jan;28(1-2):270-278. [PubMed: 29777561] 5.Maslow K, Mezey M. Recognition of dementia in hospitalized older adults. Am J Nurs. 2008 Jan;108(1):40-9; quiz, 50. [PubMed: 18156858] 6.Raso A, Ligozzi L, Garrino L, Dimonte V. Nursing profession and nurses' contribution to nursing education as seen through students' eyes: A qualitative study. Nurs Forum. 2019 Jul;54(3):414-424. [PubMed: 31056754] 7.Hu J, Yang Y, Fallacaro MD, Wands B, Wright S, Zhou Y, Ruan H. Building an International Partnership to Develop Advanced Practice Nurses in Anesthesia Settings: Using a Theory-Driven Approach. J Transcult Nurs. 2019 Sep;30(5):521-529. [PubMed: 31060444] 8.Bird M, Tolan J, Carter N. Baccalaureate Nursing Students' Perceptions of Learning in Mentored and Simulated Research Practica. J Nurs Educ. 2019 May 01;58(5):290-293. [PubMed: 31039263] 9.Salmond SW, Echevarria M, Allread V. Care Bundles: Increasing Consistency of Care. Orthop Nurs. 2017 Jan/Feb;36(1):45-48. [PubMed: 28107300] 10.Rigolosi R, Salmond S. The journey to independent nurse practitioner practice. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 2014 Dec;26(12):649-57. [PubMed: 24824941] Which type of family nurse contact will provide you with the best opportunity quizlet?Which type of family-nurse contact will provide you with the best opportunity to observe family dynamics? Dynamics of family relationships can best be observed in the family's natural environment, which is the home.
Is a windshield survey secondary data?C. Windshield surveys are a method of collecting direct data.
When working with families which of the following would be most important for the community health nurse to do first?Which of the following would be most appropriate for the community health nurse to do first when planning an initial home visit to a family? Feedback: The first step is to obtain the referral and review it to gather information about the possible needs of the family and the reason for the visit.
What is the purpose of a windshield survey?A windshield survey is conducted from a car and provides a visual overview of a community. Conditions and trends in the community that could affect the health of the population are noted. This data provides background and context for working in the community or for conducting a community assessment.
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