What are the vices of consent?

Author

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  • Cristian Dan

    (“Dimitrie Cantemir†Christian University of Bucharest, Romania)

Abstract

Any civil patrimonial report born, modified or extinguished and of great value is concluded by one person, in the case of unilateral acts, or several persons in the case of bilateral or multilateral acts. The legal act, however, in order to be valid, ends with the observance of the essential conditions to produce its effects in exactly as the parties agreed at the time of their manifestation of will. However, even with the best of intentions, there are situations where the act is affected by certain vices of consent such as error, and other times when at least one of the parties pursues a hidden interest and uses certain malicious maneuvers or even violence to cause the other party to conclude a legal report. In these circumstances, if the vice is proved, the act thus concluded entails the sanction of relative nullity. The paper aims to analyze each of the vices of consent to the conclusion of legal acts from the perspective of civil law related to the legislation in force in Romania and the fundamental law of the Romanian state, viewed from the perspective of other branches of law closely related to civil law. Some conclusions at the end of the paper will aim to combine the four vices of consent and explain its entire content.

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  • Absence of Conflicting Agreements Subject to obtaining the Consents, the execution, delivery, and performance by Buyer of this Agreement and the Escrow Agreement and the documents contemplated hereby and thereby (with or without the giving of notice, the lapse of time, or both): (i) do not require the consent of any third party; (ii) will not conflict with the Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws of Buyer; (iii) will not conflict with, result in a breach of, or constitute a default under, any law, judgment, order, injunction, decree, rule, regulation, or ruling of any court or governmental instrumentality; or (iv) will not conflict with, constitute grounds for termination of, result in a breach of, constitute a default under, or accelerate or permit the acceleration of any performance required by the terms of, any agreement, instrument, license, or permit to which Buyer is a party or by which Buyer may be bound, such that Buyer could not acquire or operate the Assets.

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  • Authorization of Agreements, Etc The execution and delivery by the Company of this Agreement and the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder and the issuance, sale and delivery of the Note have been duly authorized by all requisite corporate action and will not violate any provision of law, any order of any court or other agency of government, the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as amended, or the Bylaws of the Company, as amended, or will not result in a violation of any provision of any indenture, agreement or other instrument to which the Company, or any of its properties or assets is bound, or conflict with, result in a material breach of or constitute (with due notice or lapse of time or both) a default under any such indenture, agreement or other instrument, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge, restriction, encumbrance, or, to the Company’s knowledge, claim of any nature whatsoever upon any of the properties or assets of the Company, the result of any of which would have a material adverse effect on the business of the Company.

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  • 16 Under Article 1330 of the Civil Code, consent may be vitiated by any of the following: (a) mistake, (2) violence, (3) intimidation, (4) undue influence, and (5) fraud. 17 The presence of any of these vices renders the contract voidable.
    Under the Civil Code, the vices of consent are mistake, violence, intimidation, undue influence or fraud.
    Consent is manifested by the meeting of the offer and the acceptance upon the thing and the cause which are to constitute the contract. The offer must certain and the acceptance absolute. A qualified acceptance constitutes a counter-offer. to have been entered into the place where the offer was made.
    As in other legal systems certain factors can vitiate the quality of consent and thus make the agreement void or voidable. These are – (a) mistake, (b) misrepresentation (fraudulent or non fraudulent), and (c) undue influence and coercion.